| Code | Topic | Material |
|---|
| L1 | Introduction to Particle Accelerators in Medicine. Overview of accelerators and classification. Role of accelerators in diagnosis, therapy, and isotope production. Historical development and future prospects. | Download |
| L2 | Fundamental Principles of Charged Particle Acceleration. Electric and magnetic fields in particle motion. Concepts of RF acceleration and beam dynamics. Energy ranges relevant for medical applications. | Download |
| L3 | Early Accelerators and Medical Milestones. Van de Graaff generator, betatron, synchrotron. First applications in radiation therapy. Transition to modern accelerators. | Download |
| L4 | Cyclotrons in Medicine. Cyclotron structure and operation. Cyclotrons for isotope production. Clinical use in PET and SPECT imaging. | Download |
| L5 | Linear Accelerators (LINACs). Working principle of medical LINACs. Photon and electron beams in therapy. Clinical features and treatment delivery. | Download |
| L6 | Proton Therapy Fundamentals. Physics of proton interactions with matter. Bragg peak and dose distribution. Clinical rationale for proton therapy. | Download |
| L7 | Heavy Ion Therapy. Carbon ion therapy and its biological advantages. Accelerator facilities for heavy ion beams. Emerging clinical results. | Download |
| L8 | Radiation Therapy Techniques with Accelerators. Conventional radiotherapy vs. advanced methods (3D-CRT, IMRT, VMAT). Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT). | Download |
| L9 | Accelerator-Based Isotope Production. Principles of radioisotope generation. Short-lived isotopes for diagnostic imaging. Clinical and pharmaceutical relevance. | Download |
| L10 | Nuclear Medicine and Imaging Applications. PET and SPECT imaging physics. Accelerator role in providing radionuclides. Hybrid imaging systems (PET/CT, PET/MRI). | Download |
| L11 | Dosimetry in Accelerator-Based Therapy. Absorbed dose measurement and calibration. Dosimetric challenges in proton and ion therapy. Reference dosimetry protocols. | Download |
| L12 | Accelerator Facilities in Clinical Practice. Layout of modern radiotherapy centres. Gantry systems and beam delivery units. Examples of global proton/ion therapy centres. | Download |
| L13 | Radiation Protection and Safety Issues. Shielding requirements in accelerator facilities. Radiation protection standards (ICRP, IAEA). Personnel safety and quality assurance. | Download |
| L14 | Emerging Accelerator Technologies for Medicine. Compact proton accelerators. Laser–plasma acceleration concepts. Future directions in clinical implementation. | Download |
| L15 | Outlook and Research Directions. Accelerator physics and personalized medicine. Integration of AI and adaptive radiotherapy. Future research and interdisciplinary opportunities. | Download |
| Code | Topic | Material |
|---|
| P1 | Charged Particle Motion in Electric and Magnetic Fields. Solving problems on trajectories of electrons/protons in uniform E and B fields. Simulation of circular and helical motion. Application: beam guidance in accelerators. | Download |
| P2 | Energy Gain in Early Accelerators. Calculation of maximum energy in Van de Graaff and Cockcroft–Walton accelerators. Comparison of acceleration efficiency. Application: early radiotherapy machines. | Download |
| P3 | Cyclotron Calculations. Determination of resonance frequency for protons and deuterons. Energy gain per turn and extraction energy. Application: isotope production requirements. | Download |
| P4 | LINAC Beam Characteristics. Calculation of wavelength, accelerating gradient, and beam energy in an RF cavity. Comparison of photon vs. electron modes. Application: treatment depth-dose analysis. | Download |
| P5 | Synchrotron Parameters. Calculation of bending radius and magnetic field for proton synchrotrons. Injection and extraction energy calculations. Application: design of therapy synchrotrons. | Download |
| P6 | Photon and Electron Interactions with Matter. Calculation of attenuation coefficients, HVL, and depth–dose curves. Comparison of electron vs. photon penetration in tissue-equivalent material. | Download |
| P7 | Proton Beam Range and Bragg Peak. Calculation of proton stopping power using Bethe–Bloch formula. Range-energy relations in water. Application: dose profile in proton therapy. | Download |
| P8 | Beam Transport and Shaping. Solving problems on magnetic focusing and steering. Calculation of scattering angles in tissue. Application: beam collimation and modulation. | Download |
| P9 | Dosimetry Calculations. Ion chamber dose measurement exercises. Conversion from charge to absorbed dose. Application: calibration of medical LINACs. | Download |
| P10 | Radioisotope Production Yields. Calculation of yield of isotopes (e.g., ¹⁸F) from proton irradiation. Beam current and target thickness optimization. Application: PET tracer production. | Download |
| P11 | Facility Shielding Calculations. Estimation of wall thickness for neutron and photon shielding. Dose rate calculations outside treatment rooms. Application: radiotherapy bunker design. | Download |
| P12 | Treatment Planning Physics. Calculation of monitor units (MUs) for a given prescription. Dose distribution analysis for photon and electron beams. Application: clinical treatment planning basics. | Download |
| P13 | Advanced Therapy Calculations. Case study: IMRT/VMAT beam fluence optimization. Proton spot scanning calculations. Application: high-precision therapy delivery. | Download |
| P14 | Monte Carlo Simulation of Beam Transport. Introduction to Geant4 / MCNP / TOPAS for particle transport. Simulation of proton depth-dose in water. Application: research-level modeling. | Download |
| P15 | Final Project and Presentation. Working in small groups to analyze one real application (e.g., proton therapy center design, PET isotope chain, dosimetry QA protocol). Presentation of results with physics justification and medical relevance. | Download |
